Member’s Non-Access Modifiers
Below is a summary of the principle characteristic of the access and non-access modifiers.
final:
- Prevents a method from being overridden.
- A final argument cannot be overridden.
abstract:
- Has no method body.Ends in semicolon and not {}
- NEVER used with final, private, static
- Only abstract classes or interfaces can contain abstract methods.
- An abstract class can have non-abstract methods also it can have zero abstract methods.
- All abstract methods must be implemented by subclasses unless the subclass is abstract.
- Concrete class must implement all abstract methods.
synchronized:
- Only applies to methods.
- The method can be accessed by only one thread at a time.
- Can be used with public, private, protected and package default
native:
- Only applies to methods.
- The method is implemented in platform-dependant code.
- Has no code and ends with a semicolon.
strictfp:
- Forces floating points to adhere to the IEEE754 standard.
- Method can be strictfp even if class is not.
transient:
- The JVM will skp this variable when serialising an object.
- Applies only to instance variables.
Volatile:
- Applies only to instance variables.
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